Solochrome Dark Blue Azo Dye Removal by Sonophotocatalysis Using Mn2+ Doped ZnS Quantum Dots

This work investigates the degradation of azo dye solochrome dark blue (SDB) by measurement photocatalytic, sonocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic activities, under low ultrasonic frequency (40 kHz) UV-C (254 nm) light, using Mn-doped ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (Mn2+:ZnS Qds) as catalysts, prepared a simple chemical precipitation procedure. In order to study different morphological optical crystal properties, various characterization techniques were used, such high resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning energy dispersive X-ray analysis, diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption at ?196 °C ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The average particle size Qds was in range 3–4 nm. optimal parameters affecting degradation, catalyst loading, solution pH, time irradiation, initial concentration dye, dopant concentration, power effect evaluated. synthesized catalytic material exhibited activity for SDB (89%), larger than that observed sonocatalysis (69.7%) or photocatalysis (55.2%) alone, which due improved electron-holes separation, formation more reactive radicals enhancement active surface area. showed good stability reusability after five repeated cycles. Finally, products identified liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).